Date of Award

2025

Degree Type

Capstone

Degree Name

Master of Science in Biomedical Sciences

Abstract

Background. Firearm suicide rates are a growing public health concern, disproportionately impacting rural U.S. communities. This literature review explores risk factors contributing to this crisis.

Methods. This narrative literature review synthesizes research on the primary risk factors for firearm suicide in rural U.S. communities.

Key Findings. Key findings identify four central challenges: (1) a deeply rooted firearm culture based on identity and heritage in rural communities, which often resists traditional safety messaging; (2) prevalent unsafe firearm storage practices that increase the risk of firearm suicide; (3) high rates of social isolation, which are linked to both unsafe storage and suicide risk; and (4) significant barriers to mental healthcare, including persistent stigma and provider shortages.

Conclusion. Addressing firearm suicide in rural communities requires a culturally sensitive and community-based approach. Interventions should reframe "restriction" as "safety," utilize local data, expand telehealth and mental health services for those with depression and thoughts of suicide, and engage trusted messengers, such as firearm instructors and law enforcement, rather than relying solely on clinicians.

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Public Health Commons

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