Document Type

Article

Publication Date

11-7-2025

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reforming pharmaceutical sciences by renovating traditional drug formulation and dosage calculation approaches. This review provides a comprehensive overview of how AI technologies, such as machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and natural language processing (NLP), are currently being used in pharmaceutical calculations to improve accuracy, efficiency, and personalization. We have explored the role of AI in predicting drug properties, excipient optimization, and formulation design, as well as its applications in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, real-time dose adjustment, and precision medicine. Despite significant progress, data quality, interpretability, regulatory acceptance, and ethical considerations persist. Therefore, this review examines the impact of AI on automated decision-making, quality control, and regulatory compliance in pharmaceutical formulation development. The article also highlights the emerging trends in pharmaceuticals, including AI-assisted 3D printing, integration with wearable technologies, and emphasizing AI's transformative potential in reforming the landscape of pharmaceuticals and personalized therapeutics.

Publication Title

Pharmaceutics

Volume

17

Issue

11

PubMed ID

41304779

Comments

This article was published in Pharmaceutics, Volume 17, Issue 11.

The published version is available at https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17111440.

Copyright © 2025 by the authors. CC BY 4.0.

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