Location
Philadelphia, PA
Start Date
8-5-2019 1:00 PM
End Date
8-5-2019 4:00 PM
Description
Introduction: Primary cardiac tumors are rare with an incidence rate of 1.38 new cases per 100,000 individuals per year. Of these tumors, 75% are benign in origin and the most common type is a myxoma with a frequency of over 50%. Myxomas most commonly arise from the left atrium followed by the right atrium. Clinical presentation of a myxoma varies depending on the location, size, and shape of the tumor. For example, a patient diagnosed with a myxoma may have constitutional symptoms, cardiovascular symptoms, pulmonary symptoms etc. or may be entirely asymptomatic. Since there is no specific symptoms presented by patients with a myxoma, physicians often face challenges in diagnosing.
Case Presentation: A 72-year-old female with a past medical history of hypertension presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with progressive dyspnea on exertion of 1-week duration. She reported chest tightness, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. She denied experiencing similar symptoms in the past. Vital signs were unremarkable except for her blood pressure which was 178/103 mm Hg. Pertinent physical exam findings included jugular venous distension, a S3 heart sound, and bibasilar rales. Laboratory tests were ordered and all were unremarkable, including her troponin I and BNP levels. ECG was significant for T wave inversion in the inferior leads. Chest x-ray and CT were ordered and showed diffuse ground glass opacities throughout both lungs, bilateral pleural effusions, and mild cardiomegaly, as well as dilation of the main pulmonary artery. Lasix was given as patient appeared to be volume overloaded which resulted in brisk diuresis and relief of symptoms. At this point, an acute exacerbation of left-sided heart failure was suspected and a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) was ordered. TTE revealed a large ovoid mobile echodense mass. The mass was 5.1 cm x 2.9 cm and attached to the lower half of the interatrial septum on the left atrium and moved in and out of the left ventricular inflow. This finding was most consistent with a left atrial myxoma and the patient was then transferred to a medical center capable of resecting the myxoma. The patient tolerated the myxoma excision well and was discharged to cardiac rehabilitation. The surgical pathology report confirmed cardiac myxoma with central hemorrhage.
Discussion: In the setting of predisposed hypertension, we suspect that the large size and mobile nature of the left atrial myxoma caused functional partial obstruction of the mitral valve, leading to secondary valvular heart disease and eventually progressive left-sided heart failure. Despite the rarity of the disease, myxomas as well as other cardiac tumors should always be included in the differential diagnosis when a patient presents with symptoms suspected of an acute exacerbation of heart failure. Echocardiogram is the diagnostic modality of choice to utilize when a myxoma is suspected.
Embargo Period
5-24-2019
A Case Report: The Myxomatous Mystery
Philadelphia, PA
Introduction: Primary cardiac tumors are rare with an incidence rate of 1.38 new cases per 100,000 individuals per year. Of these tumors, 75% are benign in origin and the most common type is a myxoma with a frequency of over 50%. Myxomas most commonly arise from the left atrium followed by the right atrium. Clinical presentation of a myxoma varies depending on the location, size, and shape of the tumor. For example, a patient diagnosed with a myxoma may have constitutional symptoms, cardiovascular symptoms, pulmonary symptoms etc. or may be entirely asymptomatic. Since there is no specific symptoms presented by patients with a myxoma, physicians often face challenges in diagnosing.
Case Presentation: A 72-year-old female with a past medical history of hypertension presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with progressive dyspnea on exertion of 1-week duration. She reported chest tightness, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. She denied experiencing similar symptoms in the past. Vital signs were unremarkable except for her blood pressure which was 178/103 mm Hg. Pertinent physical exam findings included jugular venous distension, a S3 heart sound, and bibasilar rales. Laboratory tests were ordered and all were unremarkable, including her troponin I and BNP levels. ECG was significant for T wave inversion in the inferior leads. Chest x-ray and CT were ordered and showed diffuse ground glass opacities throughout both lungs, bilateral pleural effusions, and mild cardiomegaly, as well as dilation of the main pulmonary artery. Lasix was given as patient appeared to be volume overloaded which resulted in brisk diuresis and relief of symptoms. At this point, an acute exacerbation of left-sided heart failure was suspected and a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) was ordered. TTE revealed a large ovoid mobile echodense mass. The mass was 5.1 cm x 2.9 cm and attached to the lower half of the interatrial septum on the left atrium and moved in and out of the left ventricular inflow. This finding was most consistent with a left atrial myxoma and the patient was then transferred to a medical center capable of resecting the myxoma. The patient tolerated the myxoma excision well and was discharged to cardiac rehabilitation. The surgical pathology report confirmed cardiac myxoma with central hemorrhage.
Discussion: In the setting of predisposed hypertension, we suspect that the large size and mobile nature of the left atrial myxoma caused functional partial obstruction of the mitral valve, leading to secondary valvular heart disease and eventually progressive left-sided heart failure. Despite the rarity of the disease, myxomas as well as other cardiac tumors should always be included in the differential diagnosis when a patient presents with symptoms suspected of an acute exacerbation of heart failure. Echocardiogram is the diagnostic modality of choice to utilize when a myxoma is suspected.