Date of Submission

2026

Degree Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Department

Psychology

Department Chair

Jessica Glass Kendorski, PhD, NCSP, BCBA-D

First Advisor

Virginia Salzer, PhD

Second Advisor

Jessica Kendorski, PhD

Third Advisor

Michael Roberts, PsyD

Abstract

Mental health in the United States is a growing public health concern, with one in five adults living with a diagnosed mental health disorder. The prevalence of mental health concerns among adults in the U.S. has not changed significantly from 2021 to 2024 (Reinert et al., 2025). This study examined how mental health providers can leverage technology to support symptom reduction for their patients during and beyond treatment. Biofeedback has demonstrated lasting health benefits, is cost-effective, and holds promise for novel interventions for conditions such as generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility, usability, engagement, and habit formation of a digital breathing tool designed to support spontaneous diaphragmatic breathing and enhance self-reported well-being. A small group of participants (n = 27) used the tool over a 28-day period. Quantitative data were collected pre- and post-intervention to enable comparative analysis. Survey data were gathered at both time points, including qualitative responses to provide deeper insight into participants’ experiences of the intervention. Quantitative assessments comprised validated self-report screening measures, including the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), which were used to assess symptom severity before and after the intervention. Results indicated high usability, participant engagement, and habit formation behaviors at the conclusion of the study. Results also supported reductions in perceived stress, generalized anxiety, and, most predominantly, panic disorder symptomology. These findings suggest that a self-guided digital diaphragmatic breathing intervention may be a feasible, acceptable, and low-risk adjunct to improve mental health, self-regulation, and wellness.

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