Bridging healthcare disparities in Native American communities: the role of telemedicine in lung cancer screening and ophthalmic care.

Moultrie, GA

Introduction

Native American populations experience significant healthcare disparities, particularly in lung cancer screening and ophthalmic care. Limited access to specialized medical services, geographic isolation, and socioeconomic barriers contribute to lower screening rates and higher disease burdens. Telemedicine offers a potential solution by bridging gaps in healthcare access and improving early detection and treatment. This study examines the effectiveness of telemedicine interventions in addressing these disparities.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Indian Health Service publications. Keywords included "Native American health disparities," "lung cancer screening," "ophthalmic care," and "telemedicine." Inclusion criteria focused on studies from the past 10–15 years, prioritizing systematic reviews, clinical trials, and observational studies specific to American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations.

Results

Findings indicate that AI/AN individuals have disproportionately higher rates of lung cancer mortality and ophthalmic conditions such as diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma. Lung cancer screening rates remain the lowest among all racial and ethnic groups, contributing to late-stage diagnoses and poor outcomes. Telemedicine interventions, such as the Indian Health Service-Joslin Vision Network (IHS-JVN) for ophthalmic care and store-and-forward telehealth for lung cancer screening, have shown promise in increasing screening compliance and improving early detection rates. Mobile health units and community-integrated telehealth programs have also demonstrated success in expanding healthcare access in rural AI/AN communities.

Discussion

The integration of telemedicine into lung cancer and ophthalmic screening programs presents an opportunity to mitigate healthcare disparities in Native American communities. However, barriers such as digital literacy, internet availability, and cultural considerations must be addressed. Future research should focus on optimizing telehealth models tailored to AI/AN populations, ensuring cultural competence, and developing sustainable telemedicine infrastructures. Strengthening partnerships with tribal health organizations and incorporating community-led education initiatives can enhance the effectiveness and adoption of telehealth services.

Conclusion

Telemedicine represents a viable strategy to improve lung cancer screening and ophthalmic care among Native American populations. By addressing key barriers and leveraging culturally sensitive approaches, healthcare providers can enhance early detection, reduce mortality rates, and improve overall health outcomes in AI/AN communities.